Obstetric drugs generally work by releasing hormones that regulate or trigger ovulation. Ovulation is the process of releasing an egg which is a marker of a woman's fertile period. Drugs to treat ovulation disorders can usually be in the form of injections or can be consumed directly.
Some fertility drugs cause side effects that may be severe for some people, while others bring positive results. Doctors can recommend different fertility drugs based on medical conditions, response to treatment, and side effects of these drugs in patients.
There are many fertility drugs available, but the most commonly prescribed by doctors are:
Clomiphene Citrate
Clomiphene citrate has been used for more than 40 years and is often chosen as the main choice for fertility drugs. This fertility drug causes the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in the brain to release hormones that stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs.
Basically, clomiphene is consumed at an initial dose of 50 milligrams daily for five days. The first day of drug consumption is determined from when the start of menstruation. It is recommended to take the clomiphene pill for the first time on the third, fourth, or fifth day of menstruation.
Seven days after the last day of taking the drug, ovulation is expected to occur. After ovulation occurs, most doctors will advise you to stop taking clomiphene after six months. If ovulation has not occurred, the dose can be increased by as much as 50 mg per day in the following month to a maximum dose of 150 grams per day.
The success of this type of fertility drugs is around 60-80 percent. Other medicines may be prescribed by a doctor if the patient is not pregnant after six months after treatment.
Common side effects caused by this drug, namely:
- Headache, nausea, flatulence, blurred vision, and hot flashes.
- The appearance of cervical mucus changes, which can cause fertility is more difficult to predict. This change can also make it more difficult for sperm to enter the uterus.
- Increase the chances of twins.
- Weight gain.
- Breast pain.
- Vaginal bleeding.
Metformin hydrochloride
The fertility drugs consumed daily make ovulation run normally by reducing insulin levels in the blood which then also lowers testosterone levels. Metformin is actually intended for people with type 2 diabetes which makes the body more sensitive to the hormone insulin. But this drug was also effective for treating ovulation disorders, especially in women who have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Drugs that can be given singly or combined with clomiphene are beneficial for women who are obese. Besides this drug can also be used by someone who is resistant to the effects of using clomiphene itself.
Bromocriptine
Bromocriptine is a fertility drug that functions to balance hormones that prevent the release of eggs from the ovaries every month. This drug is right for use by women who have too much prolactin in their bodies, thereby reducing estrogen levels. High levels of prolactin make it more difficult for women to get pregnant.
This fertility drug can also be given to men who experience fertility problems due to excessive levels of prolactin in the body. This drug is available in the form of tablets or capsules which are consumed by drinking.
Gonadotropin
Gonadotropins consist of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which directly stimulate the ovaries to produce and mature eggs. Hormone drugs that are injected for about 12 days, can be used in women who undergo IVF or in patients with PCOS who do not respond to other drugs. This injection can then be followed by an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
This hormonal therapy usually does not cause direct side effects. However, gonadotropin-containing fertilizers can cause enlargement of the ovaries which results in abdominal or pelvic pain. Other side effects of this drug are nausea, headache, flatulence, weight gain, swelling in the legs and cause acne.
After looking at the various options of fertility drugs above, the most appropriate step is to check yourself and consult with your obstetrician to find the most appropriate therapy for your health condition.
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